Bonggi
- Language Family
- Austronesian
- Subgroup
- Malayo-Polynesian
- Area
- —
Summary
Both diachronic and synchronic metathesis of /r/ and a following vowel are found.
Diachronic and synchronic /l/ metathesis were posited to account for the derivation of present Bonggi forms from proto forms and that of surface forms from underlying forms, respectively.
Type(s) of metathesis
| Type | Status | Optionality | Position | Location | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. CV | Both/unknown | Obligatory | Adjacent | Root-final | |
| b. CV | Both/unknown | Obligatory | Adjacent | Root-final |
Case types and qualities
-
- CV
-
- C:
- Rhotic
- V:
- Any
-
- CV
-
- C:
- Alveolar lateral
- V:
- Any
Examples
/r/ metathesis
a. Diachronic Process: /r/ metathesizes with a following vowel in an unstressed syllable if the vowel precedes an alveolar stop /t, d, n/.
| Putative proto-form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ba.rat/ | /ba.art/ | ['baaɾt̚] | 'west' | (Malay barat) |
| /ŋa.ran/ | /ŋa.arn/ | ['ŋããɾdn] | 'name' | (Dusun Naran) |
b. Synchronic Process: /r/ metathesis is observed in affixed forms.
| Root | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ajar | ['aɟʝaR] | 'to teach' | /aɟʝar/ + /ɔn/ | [ə'ɟʝaaɾdn] |
| -orod | 'numb' | /m/ + /ɔrɔd/ | ['mɔ̃ɔ̃ɾd̚] |
/l/ metathesis
a. Diachronic Process: According to Boutin (2000), present forms of some Bonggi nouns can be derived from proto-forms by the interaction of five different phonological processes; 1) /l/ metathesis; 2) palatalization of /l/; 3) geminate reduction; 4) coalescence; 5) V preplosion.
| Proto form | /l/ metathesis | /l/ palatalization | geminate reduction | coalescence | V preplosion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *dalan 'path' | > daaln | > daain | > dain | > [dajdn] | |
| *talun 'forest' | > tauln | > tauin | > toin | > [tojdn] ~ [tejdn] |
b. Synchronic Process: When the suffix '-On' is added to a stem ending in /l/, /l/ palatalizes to /i/ and /O/ is subsequently deleted. Boutin (2000) accounts for this in terms of /l/ metathesis, /l/-palatalization to [i] and vowel reduction.
| Unerlying form | /tɔmbɔl/ + /ɔn/ |
| /l/ metathesis | tɔmbɔɔln |
| Palatalization of /l/ | tɔmbɔɔin |
| Tensing of mid vowel | tɔmbooin |
| Geminate reduction | tɔmboin |
| Offglide formation | tɔmbojn |
| Stress | tɔm'bojn |
| Neutralization | təm'bojn |
| Labialization | təm'bʷojn |
| Nasal preplosion | təm'bʷojdn |
| Derived form | təm'bʷojdn |
Conditions
No conditions could be found
Motivations
No motivations could be found
Symbols
t̚ = unreleased voiceless alveolar stop
' = stress marker
Ṽ = nasalized vowel
bm = preploded bilabial nasal
dn = preploded alveolar nasal
kŋ = preploded velar nasal
ɟʝ = voiced palatal affricate
Cʷ = labialized consonant
t̪ = dentalized 't'
Comments
Bibliography
- Boutin, Michael. 2000. Blocking nasal spread in Bonggi. Paper presented at SEALS conference.