Metathesis in Language 2.0

Wichita

Language Family
Caddoan
Subgroup
Northern
Area

Summary

When the cluster /kr/ occurs as the result of morpheme concatenation, it is pronounced as [rh].


Type(s) of metathesis

Type Status Optionality Position Location
a. CC Synchronic Obligatory Adjacent Across morpheme boundaries

Case types and qualities

Examples

ti-a:-ʔak-ro-ʔa-s
tiʔarhaʔas
‘he brought them’
 
ta-ciy-ra:k-re::hi-s-hisha
taci:ra:rhe::sis
‘we were going to buy them’
 

Conditions

Metathesis only occurs across of morpheme boundary.


Motivations

Editor's note: Metathesis in this case may have been a perceptually motivated process. That is, the sequence resulting from metathesis is better perceptually than the input sequence. The reason for this is that liquids have more robust internal cues than obstruents due to clear formant structure throughout the duration of the liquid which provides strong cues to both place and manner of articulation. On the other hand, by having no formant structure at all, stops have less internal cues to both place and manner than liquids. Therefore, shifting a stop to the prevocalic position, at the expense of the liquid with stronger internal cues, can be understood as strengthening the perceptibility of the stop. Similarly, a laryngeal stop lacks strong place cues (given that it has no supraglottal contriction). Positioning it in prevocalic position may also make it easier to identify (for related discussion, see Hume 2001, Mielke 2002).


Symbols

V: = long vowel
V:: = superlong vowel

Comments

Bibliography

  • Hume, Elizabeth. 2001. Metathesis: Formal and Functional Considerations. In E. Hume, N. Smith & J. van de Weijer, Surface Syllable Structure and Segment Ordering. Leiden, NL: HIL.
  • Mielke, Jeff. 2002. Turkish /h/ deletion: evidence for the interplay of speech perception and phonology. Proceedings of NELS 32.
  • Poletto, R. 1993. Metathesis and related processes in Wichita. ms. Ohio State University.
  • Rood, David. 1976. Wichita Grammar. Garland Publishing. New York.