Database
Bonggi
(Sabah, Malaysia; Austronesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian)
Summary:
a. Both diachronic and synchronic metathesis of /r/ and a following vowel are found.
b. Diachronic and synchronic /l/ metathesis were posited to account for the derivation of present Bonggi forms from proto forms and that of surface forms from underlying forms, respectively.
Summary:
a. Both diachronic and synchronic metathesis of /r/ and a following vowel are found.
b. Diachronic and synchronic /l/ metathesis were posited to account for the derivation of present Bonggi forms from proto forms and that of surface forms from underlying forms, respectively.
Examples:
1. /r/ metathesis
a. Diachronic Process: /r/ metathesizes with a following vowel in an unstressed syllable if the vowel precedes an alveolar stop /t, d, n/.
b. Synchronic Process: /r/ metathesis is observed in affixed forms.
2. /l/ metathesis
a. Diachronic Process: According to Boutin (2000), present forms of some Bonggi nouns can be derived from proto-forms by the interaction of five different phonological processes; 1) /l/ metathesis; 2) palatalization of /l/; 3) geminate reduction; 4) coalescence; 5) V preplosion.
b. Synchronic Process: When the suffix '-On' is added to a stem ending in /l/, /l/ palatalizes to /i/ and /O/ is subsequently deleted. Boutin (2000) accounts for this in terms of /l/ metathesis, /l/-palatalization to [i] and vowel reduction.
1. /r/ metathesis
a. Diachronic Process: /r/ metathesizes with a following vowel in an unstressed syllable if the vowel precedes an alveolar stop /t, d, n/.
| Putative proto-form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ba.rat/ | /ba.art/ | ['baaRt^] | 'west' | (Malay barat) |
| /Na.ran/ | /Na.arn/ | ['Na~a~Rdn] | 'name' | (Dusun Naran) |
b. Synchronic Process: /r/ metathesis is observed in affixed forms.
| Root | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ajar | ['aDaR] | 'to teach' | /aDar/ + /On/ | [E'DaaRdn] |
| -orod | 'numb' | /m/ + /OrOd/ | ['mO~O~Rd^] |
2. /l/ metathesis
a. Diachronic Process: According to Boutin (2000), present forms of some Bonggi nouns can be derived from proto-forms by the interaction of five different phonological processes; 1) /l/ metathesis; 2) palatalization of /l/; 3) geminate reduction; 4) coalescence; 5) V preplosion.
| Proto form | /l/ metathesis | /l/ palatalization | geminate reduction | coalescence | V preplosion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *dalan 'path' | > daaln | > daain | > dain | > [dajdn] | |
| *talun 'forest' | > tauln | > tauin | > toin | > [tojdn] ~ [te jdn] |
b. Synchronic Process: When the suffix '-On' is added to a stem ending in /l/, /l/ palatalizes to /i/ and /O/ is subsequently deleted. Boutin (2000) accounts for this in terms of /l/ metathesis, /l/-palatalization to [i] and vowel reduction.
| Unerlying form | /tOmbOl/ + /On/ |
| /l/ metathesis | tOmbOOln |
| Palatalization of /l/ | tOmbOOin |
| Tensing of mid vowel | tOmbooin |
| Geminate reduction | tOmboin |
| Offglide formation | tOmbojn |
| Stress | tOm'bojn |
| Neutralization | tEm'bojn |
| Labialization | tEm'bwojn |
| Nasal preplosion | tEm'bwojdn |
| Derived form | [tEm'bwojdn] |
Conditions:
No information currently available.
No information currently available.
Motivation:
No information currently available.
No information currently available.
Related Information:
a. Word final nasals
When a preceding vowel is nasalized, word final nasals are realized as simple [m], [n], [N].
When a preceding vowel is non-nasalized, word final nasals are preploded.
a. Word final nasals
When a preceding vowel is nasalized, word final nasals are realized as simple [m], [n], [N].
onom
/O.nOm/
['OnO~m]
'six'
mien
/mi.En/
['mi~E~n]
'aunt'
tingaang
/ti.Na.aN/
[ Ti'Na~a~N]
'scorpion'
When a preceding vowel is non-nasalized, word final nasals are preploded.
agubm
/a.gum/
['agwUbm]
'type of shellfish'
Sandahadn
/san.da.kan/
[sEn'dahEdn]
'Sandakan' (place name)
adakng
/a.daN/
['adEkN]
'charcoal'
Symbols:
R = flap
t^ = unreleased voiceless alveolar stop
N = velar nasal
' = stress marker
V~ = nasalized vowel
bm = preploded bilabial nasal
dn = preploded alveolar nasal
kN = preploded velar nasal
D = voiced palatal affricate
O = mid back rounded lax vowel (open 'o')
Cw = labialized consonant
E = mid central lax vowel ('schwa')
T = dentalized 't'
Last Updated: 6/20/2007
R = flap
t^ = unreleased voiceless alveolar stop
N = velar nasal
' = stress marker
V~ = nasalized vowel
bm = preploded bilabial nasal
dn = preploded alveolar nasal
kN = preploded velar nasal
D = voiced palatal affricate
O = mid back rounded lax vowel (open 'o')
Cw = labialized consonant
E = mid central lax vowel ('schwa')
T = dentalized 't'
Last Updated: 6/20/2007
References:
- Boutin, Michael. 2000. Blocking nasal spread in Bonggi. Paper presented at SEALS conference.
